Data literacy is the ability to understand, interpret, evaluate and communicate information derived from data. It is not limited to calculating averages or producing charts. A data-literate person asks how data were collected, whether a sample represents the population, what definitions were used and whether alternative explanations exist. Visualizations can clarify patterns but can also mislead through truncated axes, inappropriate scales or selective presentation. Statistical significance does not automatically imply practical importance. Data literacy therefore combines numerical skills with critical reasoning and an awareness of the assumptions underlying measurement and inference. Question: Critical data literacy requires awareness of: